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MusicThe professional musical art of Bashkortostan, formed in the first half of the 20 century. Before the October revolution, Bashkirs had mainly verbal musically poetic creation. There were original forms and genres of playing music, shown up in the creation of singers (yuyrau), kuray players (kuraysy), narrators-poets (sesens), whose art represented folk musical-poetic classics. In the history of development of Bashkir professional musical culture it is possible to select three stages: first 20-es the beginning of 50-es „pre-professional“; the second the beginning of 50es - middle of 70-es „professional“; the third from the middle of 70-es, period of „stylish turning point“, till our days - the stage of „new music“. In 1932 the Bashkir studio at the Moscow state conservatory was created, which graduators at the end of 40-es beginning of 50-es made the first generation of Bashkir professional composers. The opening in 1938 of the Bashkir philharmonic society and Bashkir theater of opera and ballet was marked by the beginning of „new era“ in the national culture. The group of the Russian composers was sent to Bashkiriya in 30es for creation of national repertoire and they, wrote compositions of opera and ballet genre, using the folk tales, legends, epic stories, folk-lore musical themes; operas: „Mergen“ (1940) and „Ashkadar“ (1944) by A. Eykhenvald, „Karlugas“ („Swallow“), 1941, A. Chemberdzhi, and ballets: „Crane song“ (1944) by L. Stepanov and „Mountain true story“ (1951) by A. Klyucharev. The sphere of creation of the first generation composers became theatrical performances in traditions of folk-lore synthetic actions: folk comedies, plays of the first national dramatists (S. Miftakhov, G. Akhmetshin, M.Gafuri, B.Bikbay and etc). There was expansion of genre sphere of the symphonic music in 40-s: along with symphonic miniatures in creations of H.Zaimov, H.Akhmetov, R.Murtazin, М. Valeyev orchestral suites, overtures appear, demonstrating the submission of national musically-stylish canon to European. The result of such intensive development of musical culture of prewar years was organization in 1940 of the Bashkir Union of Composers, the first chairman of which became M. Valeyev. At the turn of 40-50-s there was passing to the second stage professional composer creations, related to the beginning of activity of young musicians: H. Akhmetov, Z. Ismagilova, R. Murtazin, N. Sabitov, N. Zaimov and some other. In the sphere of symphonic music of 50-60-es the main event was the birth of genres of symphony, instrumental concert and program symphonic poem. The first Bashkir composer, consistently working in the genre of symphony, was Murtazin. An important role in further growth of musical culture of Bashkortostan played the opening of the Ufa state institute of arts (1968, UGII) and creation of Bashkir state choir of the Ministry of culture BASSR (1970). In 1970-90-s in the number of large compositions for a musical theater, staged in the Theater of Opera and Ballet (TOB), there were operas «Volny Agideli» and «Ambassadors of Ural» by Ismagilov, ballets «Country Aygul» by Sabitov, «Legend about kuray» by Khasanov, «In the night of lunar eclipse» by М. Ahmetov, operas «Black waters», «In the night of lunar eclipse» by S.А.Nizamutdinov, «Akmulla» by Ismagilov. The extraordinarily important events of the concert life of our republic in 80-90-es became the annual festivals of ancient and modern chamber, choral and symphonic music, festival „Music of composers of Volga and Ural“, conducted by the Union of Composers of Bashkortostan, regular symphonic concerts of the orchestra of the Theater of Opera and Ballet, etc. Creation of classic national ballet is inseparably linked with the name of N.Sabitov. DHe wrote dramatic ballets the „Mountain eagle“, „Gulnazira“ „I love you, life“, „Country of Aygul“. The separate place in the creative heritage of the composer the genre of childrens ballet occupies: „Buratino“ and „Murzilka-cosmonaut“. A new incitement in the process of development of musical culture of Bashkortostan became the creation in 1992 of the National symphonic orchestra. One of the major republican events there was opening after restoration of the Concert hall, by the name of F. I. Shalyapin in September, 2000. Many Bashkir composers applied to work in the field of pop music. The first experiments in this area were mass songs and popular fragments from music to the dramatic performances appeared in 20-30-es in compositions of H.К. Ibragimov, G.S. Almukhametov, М.М. Valeyev. In 40-50-es K.Y. Rakhimov, R.A. Murtazin, T.Sh. Karimov, H.F. Akhmetov, H.Sh. Zaimov, Z.G. Ismagilov, R.V. Salmanov, N.G. Sabitov, Sh.Z. Kulborisov began to develop pop music stylistic in their compositions. The new stage of development of pop music genre is related to mastering of modern intonations, rhythm and timbres, enriched with electronic-acoustic effects. In 60-es the founders of new style were leaders of pop collectives of Bashkir state philharmonic societies B. Gaysin, N. Galeyev and others, and also composers of R.М. Khasanov, R.H. Gazizov, А.Т. Karimov (70-es). In 80-90-es fruitful development of pop music is linked with composers R.H. Sakhautdinova, А.М. Kubagushev, R.R. Ziganov, N.А. Dautov, S.А. Nizamutdinov, I.М. Khalilov and others. The important role in development of culture of the pop music in the republic played the opening of pop music department in Ufa college of arts (UUI, 1974). The turn of the second and third millenniums is marked with activation of cultural-musical life of our. The new artistic collectives appear: the National orchestra of Bashkir folk instruments, Symphojazz-orchestra, „Oscar-quartet“; new concert halls were opened. The last third of the XX century is the new stage in development of musicology in the republic. The illustration of growth of musical culture and professionalism of composers and musicians of Bashkortostan is their successful appearance on international competitions. Concert activity is conducted by the creative collectives of our republic: the National symphonic orchestra, the chamber band «Soloists of Bashkortostan», symphonic orchestra of the Theatre of Opera and Ballet. Bashkir musicians attained considerable success in development of different genres of popular music. The epoch of new time is related to rapid development of musical-theatrical genres in Bashkortostan. Large multievent, chamber, childrens opera, rock-opera, operetta, musical, „large“, chamber ballet constitute genre panorama of Bashkir composers compositions. |