Interosculation of different construction cultures, their organic blend with local architectural tradition is characteristic of Bashkortostan architecture.

The second half of 19  the beginning of 20 centuries in the architecture is characterized with loss of stylish cleanness of classicism, appearance of modern, and eclectic tendency. Among stone cult buildings of this period Inorodcheskaya church in Birsk (1895-99), Bogorodskaya church in Ufa (1873-77), Voskresenskaya church in village Voznesenka of the modern Uchaly region (1900-10th) apply to the medieval, Old Russian and byzantine sources.

In 20-s of the 20 century, the building carried quite limited character. In a stylish closeness to the constructivism there were erected a House-commune (1930, architect G.Vagin) and TSES (1929, both on Lenin street in Ufa). To this period the beginning of new industrial district forming with a dwelling settlement near Ufa relates, which was transformed afterwards into Chernikovsk city (the end of 20-s the beginning of 30-s, architect M.Ginzburg, Ufa).

In 30s in the architecture of Bashkortostan, there was a transition from constructivism to neoclassicism. The transitional stage of so-called post- constructivism is presented with considerable amount of buildings. Their decoratively plastic decision was based on processing of classic elements in the direction of their simplification and schematizing: buildings of Bashpotrebsoyuz (1936-37, architect D.Korshunov), Glavpochtamt (1935), Bashkir medical institute (1936-37), hotel «Bashkiriya» (1937-41, architect V.Maksimov) etc. In 1935, the first professional public association of architects, builders and civil engineers was created in Bashkortostan. One of the first buildings, which started the architectural searches of themes, ascending to local tradition, was building of Socialistic Recreation Centre (1934- 37, architect V.Kokorin, after reconstruction in 1980-85 became the House of trade unions in Kirov Street, 1; architects R. Kiraydt, R. Avsakhov).

Post-war building in Ufa, developing in the course of neoclassicism, continued to use in the decoration of buildings of national ornamental motives: the main building of the Bashkir state university (1950-57, architects S. and B.Kalimulliny) a dwelling-house in Dostoevsky Street (1955, architect S. Kalimullin). The most considerable buildings of this period are House of industry (1956, architects А.Lubarskaya, А.Kozlov, М.Homutov, V. Lubarsky; now building of «Bashneft»), Recreation Centre by the name of S.Ordjonikidze (1955, architect N.Shabarov), movie theaters «Pobeda» (1949, architect М.Yashvin) and «Motherland» (1954, the same architect).

Retreating from neoclassicism, which began since the 2nd half of 50-s and entailing decline of art of architecture during almost two decades, accompanied with the large-scale program of building on standard design, on which not only dwelling-houses were erected but also public buildings,  movie theaters, recreation centres, sport palaces, department stores. That brought to the almost complete loss of individual look of cities, loss of their regional specific and national colour.

The process of revaluation of principles of standard design begins from the beginning of 70-s, the general layouts of cities are revised, in which in more detail the questions of complex organization of city infrastructure, accomplishing of territories, are decided. Among the most meaningful buildings of 70-80-es in Ufa are the Actors House (1968-69, architects А.Patskov, А.Semeonov), complex of College of arts (1971-73, architect L.Hihluha, 2nd stage in 1996, architect S.Goldobin), Recreation Centre «Neftynik» (1974-81, architect М.Mazin, О.Novikov and others), complex of KGB of BASSR (1981-85, architect M. Mazin, О.Tadiashvili).

Development of architecture in 80-s  beginning of 90-es years is characterized with widening of planning typology, appearance of new architectural objects: offices, representative offices of commercial banks, city mansions and etc, and also with growth of scale of measures, connected with the use of existent fund of construction in large cities. The reconstruction of the State Theater of Opera and Ballet RB (1st stage 1985-86, architects Mazin, Patskov; 2nd stage 1992-94, architect Мазин) is carried out in Ufa, Bashkir state philharmonic society (1986-87, architects Mazin, Patskov), Memorial area (now Museum of ethnography of peoples RB, 1987, architects Mazin, Patskov), a House of Unions (1980-85, architects Kiraydt, Avsakhov).

The special attention is paid to the architectural look of the capital and republic during last years. On September 15, 2006, the international conference «Eurasian T-ekopolis. Innovations in architecture and town-planning» passed once again in Ufa. More than 400 representatives of architectural associations of Japan, Korea, China, France, Germany, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, and also Russian regions took part in its work.

The architects of the Eurasian regions discussed the problems of harmonious coexistence of nature and industrial megapolises, offered variants of integration of Ufa in the international network of cities with the widespread transport system, with environmental preservation, reorganization of the out-of-date industrial systems and transformation them in the systems with an orientation on ecology. Actually, Bashkortostan transformed today, in one large construction site. Large-scale building of habitation and large industrial and social objects construction are conducted. A production volume is consistently grows in the republic. For this purpose, the flexible regional innovative system is created in industry, building, and transport. The primary purpose of architects and town-planners is achievement of such quality of population living, which would correspond the level of the developed countries.

Print version    Sitemap    Top